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KMID : 0353019690060010186
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Korean Journal of Public Health
1969 Volume.6 No. 1 p.186 ~ p.199
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A Study on the Problems Relating to Sex Education in Secondary Schools
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Abstract
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A study on the problems relating to sex education in junior and senior high schools in the city of Seoul. Korea was made toward 1,810 boy and girl students in junior and senior high schools, 518 parents with children sttending schools above secondary level, and 250 men and women teachers of those schools. The inquiries were conducted for one month, from July 1, 1968, to the end of July 1968. In consequence, the conclusion was made as follow:
1. 53.1% of the boy students showed the greatest interest in athletics class and occasional lectures by invited lecturers, whereas the most favored classes by 50.3% of the girl students proved to be those lectures as stated and home economics class.
2. The first signs of physiological changes of boys and girls showed during the age of from 10 to 18, the first menstruation experienced at the average age of 14.2 and the first nocturnal emission at the average age of 15.1. 70.2% of them turned out to be ignorant of proper treatments of their first menstruation.
3. Love and marriage were interesting topics among 97.0% of the second grade senior high school students. It was a1so revealed that some boys and girls in elementary schools started to be interested in sex at even their first year. 30.6% of the boys were interested in sex at the second year of junior high school, 27.7% of the girls at the third year in junior high school. 28.7% of the boys and girls in co-ed. schools at the third year in junior high school. As shown. it was revealed that the boys and girls at the third year in junior high schools came at the top, showing 27.5%.
4. The number of the students who have got through the torment of awakened sex amounted to 32.9% of the whole, 43.0% of it through curiosity and ignorance about sex.
5. The proportion of the students who gave affirmative answer to the question whether or not they had friends of opposite sex was 43.1%. In detail, the girls in lower grade in junior high schools regarded their boy friends just as friends, while the boys showed the tendency to be very much conscious of feminity in their girl friends. Out of those who gave negative answer to the above question, 42.0% of the boys replied that they simply had no opportunity to make friends with girls, and 43.6% of the girls that they did not think it whole some to mix with boys. In co-ed. schools. 41.3% of the students showed no interest in friends of opposite sex.
6. Teachers were not given much credit when the students wanted to choose someone to ask about sex, favored only by 4.4%. As a matter of fact. very few chose their teachers and parents as preferable instructors in sex. 80.2% of them chose their friends.
7. 89.9% of the students considered sex education at school insufficient, and 76.6% of them denied that they had ever been given any sex education at school at all. No less than 75.0% of the students felt the absolute necessity of sex education, and 53.3% of them wanted to get it at school. 63.9% of the students found the teacher´s attitude awkward and explanations unsatisfactory when they asked about sex problems.
8. A little more than half of the teachers, 52.0%, insisted that wholesome association between boys and girls should be encouraged, and, on the other hand, 41.7% of the children´s parents were against it from a conventional point of view. It was interesting to know that both women teachers and female parents did not approve of it.
9. A greater Part of the students(67.0%) were not offered any sex education by their teachers or parents, and neither did the children wanted to ask them questions about it either. 88.9% of the teachers claimed that they tried to give the students as full explanations as they could whenever they were asked about it, but 59.2% of them admitted they were not possessed of adequate knowledge to give answers to such inquiries.
10. In view of wholesome association between opposite sex and sound marriage the necessity of sex education was stressed by 81.6% of the teachers and parents. It was felt that sex education should be carried out according to the prepared textbooks as a regular course, starting at latest from the second year of junior high school by the teachers of counseling, biology, athletics, and home economics.
11. It was emphasized by the teachers that those to be in charge of sex education should have "extensive knowledge on the subject", "get trained on instruction method", and "specilize in the study of the field"(71.8%, 68.4%, 85.0% respectively). The equal number of affirmative and negative answers was given to the question whether they deemed it necessary to appoint specilized teachers for sex education and 42.9% of them favored to have a special research institute assume the responsibility for specialized study on the subject.
12. Junior and senior high schools have no serviceable teaching materials on sex education at present, (66.0%). Education on family planning was regarded as necessary by 67.4% of both the teachers and Parents.
13. If the responses given by the teachers and parents in connection with the contents and scope of sex education at school are to be summarized, it can be ascertained that, the emphasis were put on as following order:
1) As to general knowledge on sex:
(a) Differences of the opposite sex, its special features, and physical harmony (56.4% )
(b) Sex morality (54.9% ) .
(c) Birth of new lives (24.7% ).
2) Understanding on physiological hygiene on sex and reproductive process:
(a) Physiological hygiene of lucorrhea, nocturnal emission, menses and menarche(63.0% ) .
(b) Conception, fetus, delivery, and heredity(39.9%).
(c) Knowledge of venereal diseases and their prevention(32.5%).
3) Understanding on the association between boys and girls:
(a) Ways and manners of the association between boys and girls(67.4%).
(b) Selection of the spouse(33.9%).
(c) Meaning of love(29.6%).
4) Understanding on mental and physical development and body structure:
(a) Psychology and character of opposite sex(59.8%).
(b) Physical growth and structure(47.1%).
(c) Second feature and reproductive organs(22.4%).
5) Understanding on marriage and man´s and woman´s roles:
(a) Essential conditions for happy family and man´s and woman´s roles(73.5%).
(b) Meaning of marriage(35.4%).
(c) Birth control(family planning)(18.7%).
6) Understanding on the problems of sexual desire and prevention against sexual delinquency:
(a) Prevention against sexual delinquency(50.6% ).
(b) Relief of sexual desire, sexual intercourse and masturbation (36.2%).
(c) Prostitution, sexual morality, sexual crimes, and sexual neurosis(25.9%).
7) Miscellaneous: (Free response)
(a) Homosex, sterility, phimosis and abnormal sexual desire.
(b) National and social measures on sex education.
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